4º - Music and history

As an answer to the last challenge...

This is Nabucco (first perfomed in 1842), by italian composer Verdi... Italians adopted it as a hymn of liberty and national unity during the process of unification...

Others...

Canto degli italiani o Fratelli d'Italia, 1847. Es el himno actual, adaptado a la República más que a la monarquía resultante del proceso de unificación.

Bella Ciao, from the late 19th century, originally sung by the mondina workers in protest against the harsh working conditions in the paddy fields of Northern Italy.

It is widely assumed that the mondina song was modified and adopted as an anthem of the Italian partisans who opposed Nazism and fascism, and fought against the occupying forces of Nazi Germany, who were allied with the fascist and collaborationist Italian Social Republic between 1943 and 1945 during the Italian resistance and the liberation of Italy.

Versions of "Bella ciao" continue to be sung worldwide as a hymn of freedom and resistance.

Marcia Reale. Official national anthem of the Kingdom of Italy between 1861 and 1943. It was composed in 1831 by Giuseppe Gabetti to the order of Charles Albert of Sardinia as the hymn of the royal House of Savoy, along with the Sardinian national anthem.